Brown+v.+Board

//BROWN V. BOARD OF EDUCATION//
 * What would break the back of Jim Crow America? What role did education play in the movement to desgregate America?**

**SETTING THE STAGE** - **[|Participate in The Road to Justice activity]**
 * Using the the links provided, analyze the landmark Supreme Court case //Brown v. Board of Education//. Cut and paste the information below into a new entry on your Unit 8 Online Notebook.** ||  ||=   ||
 * Using the the links provided, analyze the landmark Supreme Court case //Brown v. Board of Education//. Cut and paste the information below into a new entry on your Unit 8 Online Notebook.** ||  ||=   ||

Make a bulleted list of the basic facts of the cases brought to the Supreme Court 
 * BASIC FACTS OF THE CASES (more than one) (check video, [|Link 1], [|Link 2], [|Link 3])**

· Five cases were combined from of Kansas, Delaware, Virginia, South Carolina, and Washington D.C. and was called the Brown vs. Board

· The Delaware cases focused on the **__inferior conditions__** of two African American schools - the students were forced to attend a one-room school house with no transportation - the State Supreme Court made the decision in favor of the African American but, decision didn’t apply to all schools in Delaware.

· Kansas cases were about the **__segregation__** of schools - 13 parents of the NAACP attempted to enroll the children in segregated white schools, but they were all denied - in Topeka, there were 18 neighborhood schools for the whites and only 4 for the African Americans

· South Carolina cases were against **__the inferior conditions__** African American students experienced while attending the segregated schools. - the Court found that the segregated schools were not in adequate conditions, the transportation and the teachers’ salaries when compared to the schools provided for whites came in lacking greatly. - school officials totally ignored the idea of equality and the schools were never made equal

· Virginia cases were **__similar/ tied to the cases in South Carolina__** - the NAACP joined their struggles into challenging the schools in court - the Supreme Court said that the parents of the black children were to be treated equal yet it was denied in white school areas

Washington D.C.- Gardner Bishop decided to take **__11 African American students on a field trip__** to see a new school for whites only - when they arrived the school officials wouldn’t let them in, so they all had to go back - Supreme Court ruled "segregation in the District of Columbia public schools…is a denial of the due process of law guaranteed by the Fifth Amendment…"

-The 14th Amendemant does not allow for racial segregation in the public school system. -The Supreme Court misinterpreted the law in the case of Plessy v. Ferguson and that **__seperate is not equal__**. -The 14th Amendemant was not specific on whether or not states could have racially seperated schools. -Segregation is harmful to the minds of the young African American children.
 *  MAIN ARGUMENTS OF THE PLAINTIFF (for integration) (check [|Link 1] ) **

-The Constitution did not say that white and African American children had to attend the same schools -Each state that deals with the Social separation of blacks and whites should be left free to regulate -Segregation was not harmful to black people -Whites were trying to equalize the two educational systems, but because black children were still living with the effects of slavery, it would take some time before they were able to hang out with the white people. What important change happened, and what was its impact?
 * MAIN ARGUMENTS OF THE DEFENDANTS (for segregation) (check [|Link 1])**
 * THE CHANGE IN THE COURT (leading to a decision) (check** [|**Link 1**]**)**

The Cheif Justice of the Supreme Cour was Fred Vinson. He, along with several other justices were uncertain with the court's ability to desegregate schools. Howerver, Justice Vinson died and was replaced by Earl Warren. Under the leadership of Warren the court's decision could "change the course of history." What did the Court decide?  Earl Warren wrote a turning point decision. He wrote that he agreed with the civil rights attorneys that it was not clear in the Fourteenth Amendment that such states would be allowed to have segregated education. Also he stated that education was the most important function in both state and local governments, and racial segregation of any kind didn’t give African Americans equal protection of the Fourteenth Amendment and due process of the Fifth Amendment. 
 * THE COURT DECISION (in your own words) (check** [|**Link 1**] **and Link 2)**

**ENFORCING THE DECISION (discuss "with all deliberate speed) (Check [|Link 1] ** **)**  What was the Court's statement about the enforcement of the decision? What happened to the enforcement?

After the decision was made, the court announced that schools should desegregate "with all deliberate speed." This vague description of how the dicision should be enforced, left the door wide open for opposition. Picketts started protesting integration and blocking off streets. This was not very well enforced, unfortunetly.

What is the overall importance and legacy of //Brown v. Board//?
 * THE IMPACT and LEGACY** **(Check** [|**Link 1**]**)**

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">The original battle for school desegregation started from being a state court case to a Supreme Court case and soon the struggle of freedom for African Americans spread across the country in just amount of years. Fifty years after the //Brown// decision, the movement made by African Americans influenced other racial and ethnic minorities, women, people with disabilities, and other groups, each demanding equal opportunity.